Lab Outline

IMMUNOLOGY LABORATORY

Chemistry Lab Resources (for CHM 1XX and 2XX Labs): Parts of a lab report Here you can find tips about organizing your lab notebook, how to effectively create graphs and table for lab reports, places to locate protocols and property information, and how to properly cite resources. 🔴 Answers: 3 🔴🔴 question ➜ Read this passage and look at the outline:The English Lab, housed in the Administration building, consists of two adjoining rooms which contain 70 Macintosh computers.

Cast phone to lg smart tv. BIO 345

FALL 2004

Instructor: Dr. Christine White-Ziegler

Office: Sabin-Reed 457 (enter through SR456 to get to office)

Office phone: 585-3815

E-mail: cwhitezi@science.smith.edu (a good way to contact me)

Office hours: By appointment on Monday, Wednesday, or Friday

Laboratory class:

Course credit:1 hour

Class time: Thursday 1:00-3:50 p.m. with 1 hour to be arranged

Arranged hour usually Thursday 4-4:50, occasionally later or at other times

Location: Sabin-Reed 401

Corequisite: BIO 344 or permission of instructor

Course objectives:

The primary focus of the laboratory is to learn how immunological techniques are used in clinical diagnosis and as research tools.Through these experiments, students will gain a greater understanding of how the immune system works against the diversity of pathogens present in our environment.Scientific writing as well as quantitative and oral presentation skills will be strengthened through a variety of assignments.

Laboratory text/supplies:

Students should each purchase a lab notebook from the Clark Science Center stockroom in which to write experimental methods and results.

No textbook needs to be purchased for the laboratory class.Readings pertaining to each laboratory exercise will be put on reserve in the Young Science Library.The text for the lecture class, Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease by Charles Janeway and Paul Travers, 6th edition, will also serve as an excellent reference for the lab class.An extremely helpful resource for the scientific writing in this class is A Short Guide to Writing About Biology by Jan Pechnik, 3^rd edition.It is on reserve for this course at the library.

Evaluation:

Attendance, Participation, and Preparedness:

While some experiments will be completed independently, students will work in groups of 3-4 people to perform a majority of the experiments.It is expected that students will work cooperatively and learn all of the techniques demonstrated in the lab.Attendance and participation in laboratory by each student is mandatory.There will be no makeups for missed labs.If a lab is missed, the student may write up the report for credit using the data collected by her lab partners.However, the student will not receive any points for attendance or participation for that week's exercise.

It is critical that each student read the lab before class (preferably twice!).This is integral to understanding what will happen in the lab and how to get going on the experiments quickly.Past experience has shown that students who are prepared finish these experiments up to an hour faster than their unprepared classmates.

Laboratory protocols and preparatory questions will be provided to students by the Monday before the laboratory class.Students should read the lab protocol before lab on Thursday and complete the preparatory questions prior to lab, putting the answers in their lab notebooks.These questions are designed to help in the implementation and understanding of the lab to be performed.Students are encouraged to discuss these questions amongst one another prior to class.If a student does not complete the questions, they will be penalized.Students will need to keep all of the laboratory protocols and bring them to each laboratory class as protocols from previous labs may be referenced.

Lab notebooks:

While in the laboratory, students will record their observations and data in their lab notebooks. For each experiment conducted in class, the following should be included:

1.Title and date

2.Answers to the pre-lab questions

3.Purpose:This section should be a short, 2-3 sentence description of the objective(s) of the experiment.These should be written in your own words, not simply cut out of the lab handout.

4.Methods:The methods can be directly cut out of the lab handout provided and pasted into the notebook.Make sure to note any changes made to the protocol in the actual performance of the experiment.

5.Results: The results should include any observations or data collected from the experiment.Analysis of the data (calculations, graphs, etc.) should be included in this section as well.The lab handout will give instructions as to what kind of analyses should be performed.All data should be well labeled.

6.Conclusions: This section should contain a short statement and/or discussion of results.Also, any limitations or problems that may have affected the outcome of the experiment should be noted.

The intention of the lab notebook is to allow students to gain experience in clearly recording and presenting the results of their experiments.The majority of the writing in the notebook should happen prior to class (Sections 1-4 above) or in class (Sections 4-6 above).Notebooks will be evaluated by the instructor using the criteria above.Please note that not all labs in your notebookwill be graded-check the course outline for details.

For certain experiments, partial or full lab reports will be written.Each lab group will hand in one report that the group has written together.The lab reports have a very similar format to the lab notebook in content, but the report is written in the style of a scientific journal article.Students can look at the Journal of Bacteriology or the Journal of Immunology as an example for style.The lab reports should be typed, double-spaced, and include a list of references, if necessary.The report should be divided into sections and every section should be written in complete sentences.

The lab reports should include the following:

1. Cover sheet

Lab Write Up Outline

Course objectives:

The primary focus of the laboratory is to learn how immunological techniques are used in clinical diagnosis and as research tools.Through these experiments, students will gain a greater understanding of how the immune system works against the diversity of pathogens present in our environment.Scientific writing as well as quantitative and oral presentation skills will be strengthened through a variety of assignments.

Laboratory text/supplies:

Students should each purchase a lab notebook from the Clark Science Center stockroom in which to write experimental methods and results.

No textbook needs to be purchased for the laboratory class.Readings pertaining to each laboratory exercise will be put on reserve in the Young Science Library.The text for the lecture class, Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease by Charles Janeway and Paul Travers, 6th edition, will also serve as an excellent reference for the lab class.An extremely helpful resource for the scientific writing in this class is A Short Guide to Writing About Biology by Jan Pechnik, 3^rd edition.It is on reserve for this course at the library.

Evaluation:

Attendance, Participation, and Preparedness:

While some experiments will be completed independently, students will work in groups of 3-4 people to perform a majority of the experiments.It is expected that students will work cooperatively and learn all of the techniques demonstrated in the lab.Attendance and participation in laboratory by each student is mandatory.There will be no makeups for missed labs.If a lab is missed, the student may write up the report for credit using the data collected by her lab partners.However, the student will not receive any points for attendance or participation for that week's exercise.

It is critical that each student read the lab before class (preferably twice!).This is integral to understanding what will happen in the lab and how to get going on the experiments quickly.Past experience has shown that students who are prepared finish these experiments up to an hour faster than their unprepared classmates.

Laboratory protocols and preparatory questions will be provided to students by the Monday before the laboratory class.Students should read the lab protocol before lab on Thursday and complete the preparatory questions prior to lab, putting the answers in their lab notebooks.These questions are designed to help in the implementation and understanding of the lab to be performed.Students are encouraged to discuss these questions amongst one another prior to class.If a student does not complete the questions, they will be penalized.Students will need to keep all of the laboratory protocols and bring them to each laboratory class as protocols from previous labs may be referenced.

Lab notebooks:

While in the laboratory, students will record their observations and data in their lab notebooks. For each experiment conducted in class, the following should be included:

1.Title and date

2.Answers to the pre-lab questions

3.Purpose:This section should be a short, 2-3 sentence description of the objective(s) of the experiment.These should be written in your own words, not simply cut out of the lab handout.

4.Methods:The methods can be directly cut out of the lab handout provided and pasted into the notebook.Make sure to note any changes made to the protocol in the actual performance of the experiment.

5.Results: The results should include any observations or data collected from the experiment.Analysis of the data (calculations, graphs, etc.) should be included in this section as well.The lab handout will give instructions as to what kind of analyses should be performed.All data should be well labeled.

6.Conclusions: This section should contain a short statement and/or discussion of results.Also, any limitations or problems that may have affected the outcome of the experiment should be noted.

The intention of the lab notebook is to allow students to gain experience in clearly recording and presenting the results of their experiments.The majority of the writing in the notebook should happen prior to class (Sections 1-4 above) or in class (Sections 4-6 above).Notebooks will be evaluated by the instructor using the criteria above.Please note that not all labs in your notebookwill be graded-check the course outline for details.

For certain experiments, partial or full lab reports will be written.Each lab group will hand in one report that the group has written together.The lab reports have a very similar format to the lab notebook in content, but the report is written in the style of a scientific journal article.Students can look at the Journal of Bacteriology or the Journal of Immunology as an example for style.The lab reports should be typed, double-spaced, and include a list of references, if necessary.The report should be divided into sections and every section should be written in complete sentences.

The lab reports should include the following:

1. Cover sheet

Lab Write Up Outline

The cover sheet should include the title, the authors' names, the date, and the course number and title.

2. Introduction

This section should contain a statement of the purpose(s) of the experiment.Additionally, a few sentences indicating the general significance of the experiment(s) should be addressed, including background necessary to understand the experiment.

3. Materials and methods

This section should contain an accurate, extremely detailed description of how the experiments were performed.This section should be written so that someone else could repeat the experiment by reading your lab report.It is helpful to use transitions that introduce what is being accomplished in each step of the methods.

4. Results

This section should be an objective, written description of the results obtained from the experiment and what the results demonstrate.Be careful to write about the results that are presented in table or graph form; do not simply refer to them.Additionally, any graphs, drawings or tables should be presented in this section and appropriately labeled.Graphs should be computer generated using a program such as Cricket Graph, Kaleidagraph, or Excel.

5. Discussion

This section should include a discussion of the results and what information they provide about the question being studied, using the data to support your conclusions.Comparisons to published studies should be made, where applicable.Any problems or limitations with performing the experiment should be described and how these may have affected the results of the experiment.In labs for which you write lab reports you are asked to address specific points- please pay careful attention to this.

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6. References

If any textbooks or articles are used for the preparation of the report, they should be cited in this section.

Lab reports will be due at the beginning of the lab period on the day noted on the schedule.Please note that a partial lab report contains only certain sections from the list above-see course outline for details.

Independent project:

Each lab group will perform an independent project.Enough variables should be included in the experiment such that each student has a specific focus within the experiment.Students will use the techniques they have learned throughout the semester to complete their project.Students will need to submit an independent project idea along with an outline of how the experiment will be performed by the date stated in the course outline.A specific protocol and list of needed materials must be submitted to the instructor a week later as stated in the course outline.

At the end of the semester, each group will be expected to give a presentation detailing their independent project in a lab meeting format.This will be an oral presentation that should include all of the major elements contained in a lab report.There is no formal written lab report for the independent project; the lab notebook will be graded on this project.

Late policy:Each assignment is due in lab on the date stated in the syllabus.An assignment handed in late will be penalized 5% of the total points for that assignment for each day it is late.

Outline of course:

(subject to change)

Lab Report Outline Example

In scientific research, the lab notebook is often considered a legal document, such as for the purposes of patents or to meet FDA guidelines for drug research. Therefore it is important to start good habits that will make your notebook as efficient and accurate as possible. Some more commone tips include:

Lab Outline Tattoo

• Use permanent ink
• Initial and date every page
• Leave a blank page or two at the beginning of your notebook so you can create a Table of Contents
• Draw only a single line through all errors written, so they still can be seen
• Create a table of important chemicals and their relevant properties at the beginning of each experiment
• Record what you have done, not what your lab manual says
• Record all observations and explanations of why they happened
• Be as descriptive as possible with titles and headings for your experiments; for example do not write 'Chemical Synthesis,' instead write 'Preparation of Alum'
• Cross out all blank space at the bottom of the last page of each experiment; start a new page for each experiment
• At the end of each lab, ask yourself, 'Can I recreate this experiment/my results with what I have written down?'